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2026-08-10 19:38:37
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=encoding utf8 =head1 NAME MIME::Type - description of one MIME type =head1 SYNOPSIS use MIME::Types; my $mimetypes = MIME::Types->new; my MIME::Type $plaintext = $mimetypes->type('text/plain'); print $plaintext->mediaType; # text print $plaintext->subType; # plain my @ext = $plaintext->extensions; print "@ext" # txt asc c cc h hh cpp print $plaintext->encoding # 8bit if($plaintext->isBinary) # false if($plaintext->isAscii) # true if($plaintext->equals('text/plain') {...} if($plaintext eq 'text/plain') # same print MIME::Type->simplified('x-appl/x-zip') # 'appl/zip' =head1 DESCRIPTION MIME types are used in MIME entities, for instance as part of e-mail and HTTP traffic. Sometimes real knowledge about a mime-type is need. Objects of C<MIME::Type> store the information on one such type. =head1 OVERLOADED =over 4 =item overload: B<string comparison> When a MIME::Type object is compared to either a string or another MIME::TYpe, the L<equals()|MIME::Type/"Knowledge"> method is called. Comparison is smart, which means that it extends common string comparison with some features which are defined in the related RFCs. =item overload: B<stringification> The stringification (use of the object in a place where a string is required) will result in the type name, the same as L<type()|MIME::Type/"Attributes"> returns. example: use of stringification my $mime = MIME::Type->new('text/html'); print "$mime\n"; # explicit stringification print $mime; # implicit stringification =back =head1 METHODS =head2 Initiation =over 4 =item MIME::Type-E<gt>B<new>(%options) Create (I<instantiate>) a new MIME::Type object which manages one mime type. -Option --Default encoding <depends on type> extensions [] simplified <derived from type> system undef type <required> =over 2 =item encoding => '7bit'|'8bit'|'base64'|'quoted-printable' How must this data be encoded to be transported safely. The default depends on the type: mimes with as main type C<text/> will default to C<quoted-printable> and all other to C<base64>. =item extensions => REF-ARRAY An array of extensions which are using this mime. =item simplified => STRING The mime types main- and sub-label can both start with C<x->, to indicate that is a non-registered name. Of course, after registration this flag can disappear which adds to the confusion. The simplified string has the C<x-> thingies removed and are translated to lower-case. =item system => REGEX Regular expression which defines for which systems this rule is valid. The REGEX is matched on C<$^O>. =item type => STRING The type which is defined here. It consists of a I<type> and a I<sub-type>, both case-insensitive. This module will return lower-case, but accept upper-case. =back =back =head2 Attributes =over 4 =item $obj-E<gt>B<encoding>() Returns the type of encoding which is required to transport data of this type safely. =item $obj-E<gt>B<extensions>() Returns a list of extensions which are known to be used for this mime type. =item $obj-E<gt>B<simplified>( [$string] ) =item MIME::Type-E<gt>B<simplified>( [$string] ) Returns the simplified mime type for this object or the specified STRING. Mime type names can get officially registered. Until then, they have to carry an C<x-> preamble to indicate that. Of course, after recognition, the C<x-> can disappear. In many cases, we prefer the simplified version of the type. example: results of simplified() my $mime = MIME::Type->new(type => 'x-appl/x-zip'); print $mime->simplified; # 'appl/zip' print $mime->simplified('text/PLAIN'); # 'text/plain' print MIME::Type->simplified('x-xyz/x-abc'); # 'xyz/abc' =item $obj-E<gt>B<system>() Returns the regular expression which can be used to determine whether this type is active on the system where you are working on. =item $obj-E<gt>B<type>() Returns the long type of this object, for instance C<'text/plain'> =back =head2 Knowledge =over 4 =item $obj-E<gt>B<equals>($string|$mime) Compare this mime-type object with a STRING or other object. In case of a STRING, simplification will take place. =item $obj-E<gt>B<isAscii>() Old name for L<isText()|MIME::Type/"Knowledge">. =item $obj-E<gt>B<isBinary>() Returns true when the type is not known to be text. See L<isText()|MIME::Type/"Knowledge">. =item $obj-E<gt>B<isExperimental>() [2.00] Return C<true> when the type is defined for experimental use; the subtype starts with C<x.> =item $obj-E<gt>B<isPersonal>() [2.00] Return C<true> when the type is defined by a person for private use; the subtype starts with C<prs.> =item $obj-E<gt>B<isRegistered>() Mime-types which are not registered by IANA nor defined in RFCs shall start with an C<x->. This counts for as well the media-type as the sub-type. In case either one of the types starts with C<x-> this method will return false. =item $obj-E<gt>B<isSignature>() Returns true when the type is in the list of known signatures. =item $obj-E<gt>B<isText>() [2.05] All types which may have the charset attribute, are text. However, there is currently no record of attributes in this module... so we guess. =item $obj-E<gt>B<isVendor>() [2.00] Return C<true> when the type is defined by a vendor; the subtype starts with C<vnd.> =item $obj-E<gt>B<mediaType>() The media type of the simplified mime. For C<'text/plain'> it will return C<'text'>. For historical reasons, the C<'mainType'> method still can be used to retrieve the same value. However, that method is deprecated. =item $obj-E<gt>B<subType>() The sub type of the simplified mime. For C<'text/plain'> it will return C<'plain'>. =back =head1 DIAGNOSTICS =over 4 =item Error: Type parameter is obligatory. When a L<MIME::Type|MIME::Type> object is created, the type itself must be specified with the C<type> option flag. =back =head1 SEE ALSO This module is part of MIME-Types distribution version 2.18, built on December 09, 2020. Website: F<http://perl.overmeer.net/CPAN/> =head1 LICENSE Copyrights 1999-2020 by [Mark Overmeer <markov@cpan.org>]. For other contributors see ChangeLog. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. See F<http://dev.perl.org/licenses/>
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